Ma muli o kāu kumumanaʻo o "ka maikaʻi, ke kōkua, ka hana a me ka ulu ʻana", ua loaʻa iā mākou nā hilinaʻi a me nā hoʻomaikaʻi mai nā mea kūʻai aku kūloko a me ka honua no ka Factory Supplied Industrial Grade Glacial Acetic, ʻo ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me nā kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū e hauʻoli ai kā mākou mau mea i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma nā wahi āpau o ka ʻōlelo.
Ma muli o kāu kumumanaʻo o "ka maikaʻi, ke kōkua, ka hana a me ka ulu ʻana", ua loaʻa iā mākou nā hilinaʻi a me nā hoʻomaikaʻi mai nā mea kūʻai aku kūloko a me ka honua no, ʻoiai ʻo mākou nā hopena kiʻekiʻe o kā mākou hale hana, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia kā mākou moʻo hopena a ua lanakila iā mākou i nā palapala hōʻoia mana ʻike. No nā palena hou aʻe a me nā kikoʻī papa inoa mea, e kaomi i ke pihi e loaʻa ai ka ʻike hou aku.














5. Nā hoʻāʻo:
1. ʻAkika Formic:
a. Kaʻina Hana: E kaupaona ma kahi o 5 g o ka hāpana (me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaulike loea) i loko o kahi kīʻaha 100 ml. E hoʻohui i 2 kulu o ka hopena hōʻike phenolphthalein a hoʻopau me ka hopena 2 N NaOH a hiki i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o kahi kala ʻulaʻula. E hoʻoheheʻe ma luna o kahi ʻauʻau wai a hiki i ka hapalua o ka nui mua. E hoʻomaʻalili, e hoʻohuihui me 5 ml o ka HCl i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a hoʻololi i ka nui i loko o kahi ʻōmole iodine 250 ml e loaʻa ana he 50 ml o ka wai a me 50 ml o ka hopena 0.1 N NaBrO. E pani paʻa, e kāwili maikaʻi, a e ʻae e kū no 30 mau minuke. E hoʻohui i 15 ml o ka hopena 16.5% KI, 20 ml o 6 N HCl, a me 2 ml o ka hopena hōʻike starch. E hoʻohui me ka hopena 0.1 N Na₂S₂O₃ a hiki i ka nalo ʻana o ke kala polū (hopena). E hana i kahi hoʻāʻo hakahaka i ka manawa like.
b. Heluhelu: (Ml hakahaka - Laʻana ml) × 0.1 (Maʻamau) × 0.02301 = gram o HCOOH
c. Papa Glacial Acetic Hoʻomaopopo: ʻO ka hoʻomehana ʻana ma luna o ka ʻauʻau wai ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka NaOH ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaloʻo a wehe i ka acetaldehyde, kahi e loaʻa ai nā hopena maikaʻi. Papa Glacial Acetic.
2. ʻAsetaldehyde:
a. Kaʻina Hana: E kaupaona ma kahi o 10 g o ka waikawa acetic glacial (me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaulike loea) i loko o kahi ʻōmole iodine 250 ml. E hoʻohui i 50 ml o ka wai, a laila e pipette pololei i 10 ml o ka hopena 4% NaHSO₃ i loko o ka ʻōmole. E pani pono, e lulu, a e ʻae e kū no 30 mau minuke. E hoʻohui i 2 ml o ka hopena hōʻailona starch a titrate me ka hopena Iodine 0.1 N a hiki i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o kahi kala polū (hopena). E hana i kahi hoʻāʻo hakahaka i ka manawa like.
b. Heluhelu: (Ml hakahaka - Laʻana ml) × 0.1 (Maʻamau) × 0.02203 = gram o CH₃CHO
6. Hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka Reagent:
0.1 N Sodium Hypobromite (NaBrO) Solution: E hoʻohui i 2.8 ml o ka bromine i 500 ml o ka wai. E hoʻohui i 100 ml o 2 N NaOH a hoʻoulu a hiki i ka wā e heheʻe ai. E hoʻokahe me ka wai i 1000 ml e loaʻa ai ka 0.1 N NaBrO solution.
6. Papa Hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka Reagent Acetic Glacial:
0.1 N Sodium Hypobromite (NaBrO) Solution: E hoʻohui i 2.8 ml o ka bromine i 500 ml o ka wai. E hoʻohui i 100 ml o 2 N NaOH a hoʻoulu a hiki i ka wā e heheʻe ai. E hoʻokahe me ka wai i 1000 ml e loaʻa ai ka 0.1 N NaBrO solution.