Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Formate ma ke ʻano he iwi kuamoʻo o kahi bioeconomy carbon-neutral, i hana ʻia mai CO2 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana (electro)chemical a hoʻololi ʻia i nā huahana waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā cascades enzymatic a i ʻole nā ​​​​microorganism i hana ʻia. ʻO kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka assimilation o ka synthetic formate ʻo ia ka hōʻemi thermodynamically complex o formaldehyde, kahi e ʻike ʻia ma aneʻi he loli kala melemele. Hōʻaiʻē: Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology Max Planck/Geisel.
Ua hana nā kānaka ʻepekema ma ka Max Planck Institute i kahi ala metabolic synthetic e hoʻololi i ke kalapona dioxide i formaldehyde me ke kōkua o ka waikawa formic, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ala carbon-neutral e hana ai i nā mea waiwai.
ʻAʻole wale nā ​​ala anabolic hou no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ke kalapona dioxide e kōkua i ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā pae kalapona dioxide i ka lewa, akā hiki nō hoʻi ke pani i ka hana kemika kuʻuna o nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea hana me nā kaʻina hana olaola carbon-neutral. Hōʻike nā noiʻi hou i kahi kaʻina hana e hiki ai ke hoʻohana ʻia ka waikawa formic e hoʻololi i ke kalapona dioxide i mea waiwai nui i ka ʻoihana biochemical.
Ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ke kalapona a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ke kalapona dioxide mai nā kumu hoʻokuʻu nui he mea koʻikoʻi ia. Ma ke ʻano, ua hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻopili ʻana o ke kalapona dioxide no nā miliona o nā makahiki, akā ʻaʻole lawa kona mana e hoʻoponopono ai i nā hoʻokuʻu a ke kanaka.
Nā kānaka noiʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e Tobias Erb o ka Institute of Terrestrial Microbiology. Hoʻohana ʻo Max Planck i nā mea hana kūlohelohe e hoʻomohala i nā ʻano hana hou no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kalapona ʻokikene. Ua holomua lākou i kēia manawa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ala metabolic artificial e hana ana i ka formaldehyde reactive kiʻekiʻe mai ka waikawa formic, kahi waena hiki i ka photosynthesis artificial. Hiki i ka Formaldehyde ke komo pololei i loko o kekahi mau ala metabolic e hana i nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe me ka ʻole o nā hopena ʻawahia. E like me ke kaʻina hana kūlohelohe, ʻelua mau mea nui e pono ai: ka ikehu a me ke kalapona. Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka mea mua ʻaʻole wale e ka lā pololei, akā e ka uila hoʻi - no ka laʻana, nā modula solar.
Ma ke kaulahao waiwai, loli nā kumu kalapona. ʻAʻole ʻo ke kalapona ʻokikene wale nō ke koho ma ʻaneʻi, ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā hui kalapona pākahi (nā poloka hale C1): kalapona monoxide, formic acid, formaldehyde, methanol a me methane. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaneʻane he mea ʻawahia loa kēia mau mea āpau, no nā meaola ola (carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, methanol) a no ka honua (methane ma ke ʻano he kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo). Ma hope wale nō o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka formic acid i kona formate kumu, hiki i nā microorganism he nui ke ʻae i nā nui kiʻekiʻe o ia mea.
"He kumu hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa ka waikawa formic no ke kalapona," wahi a Maren Nattermann, ka mea kākau mua o ke aʻo ʻana. "Akā, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana iā ia i formaldehyde in vitro he mea nui loa ia i ka ikehu." ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka formate, ka paʻakai o ka formate, i formaldehyde. "Aia kahi pale kemika koʻikoʻi ma waena o kēia mau molekala ʻelua, a ma mua o ka hiki iā mākou ke hana i kahi hopena maoli, pono mākou e lanakila ma luna o ia me ke kōkua o ka ikehu biochemical - ATP."
ʻO ka pahuhopu o nā mea noiʻi, ʻo ia ke ʻimi i kahi ala ʻoi aku ka hoʻokele waiwai. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka ikehu e pono ai e hānai i ke kalapona i loko o ka metabolism, ʻo ka nui o ka ikehu e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana a i ʻole ka hana ʻana. Akā, ʻaʻohe ala like ma ke ʻano. "ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā enzymes hybrid i kapa ʻia me nā hana he nui e pono ai kekahi hana noʻeau," wahi a Tobias Erb. "Eia naʻe, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i nā enzymes moho he hoʻomaka wale nō ia. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā hopena hiki ke helu pū ʻia no ka mea he lohi loa lākou—i kekahi mau hihia, ʻaʻole i hoʻokahi hopena i kekona no kēlā me kēia enzyme. Hiki i nā hopena kūlohelohe ke hoʻomau i ka wikiwiki he tausani manawa wikiwiki. "ʻO kēia kahi e komo ai ka biochemistry synthetic, wahi a Maren Nattermann: "Inā ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o kahi enzyme, ʻike ʻoe i kahi e komo ai. He pōmaikaʻi nui ia."
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka enzyme e pili ana i kekahi mau ʻano hana: ka hoʻololi poloka hale kūikawā, ka hana mutation random, a me ke koho ʻana i ka mana. "He kūpono loa nā formate a me ka formaldehyde no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke komo i loko o nā paia cell. Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohui i ka formate i ka medium culture cell, kahi e hana ai i kahi enzyme e hoʻololi i ka formaldehyde hopena i loko o kahi kala melemele ʻawaʻawa ʻole ma hope o kekahi mau hola," wahi a Maren. Ua wehewehe ʻo Nattermann.
ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena i loko o ia manawa pōkole me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana kiʻekiʻe. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua hui pū nā mea noiʻi me ka hoa ʻoihana ʻo Festo ma Esslingen, Kelemānia. "Ma hope o kahi 4,000 mau ʻano like ʻole, ua hoʻonui mākou i kā mākou hua i ʻehā manawa," wahi a Maren Nattermann. "No laila, ua hana mākou i ke kumu no ka ulu ʻana o ka microorganism hoʻohālike E. coli, ka microbial workhorse o ka biotechnology, ma ka formic acid. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia manawa, hiki i kā mākou mau cell ke hana i ka formaldehyde wale nō a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi hou."
Ma ka laulima ʻana me kāna hoa hana ʻo Sebastian Wink mai ka Institute of Plant Molecular Physiology. Ke hoʻomohala nei nā mea noiʻi ʻo Max Planck i kahi ʻano hiki ke lawe i nā mea waena a hoʻokomo iā lākou i loko o ka metabolism waena. I ka manawa like, ke hana nei ka hui i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hoʻololi electrochemical o ke kalapona dioxide i ka waikawa formic me kahi hui hana ma ka Institute of Chemical Energy Conversion. ʻO Max Planck ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Walter Leitner. ʻO ka pahuhopu lōʻihi he "kahua hoʻokahi-nui-kūpono-āpau" mai ke kalapona dioxide i hana ʻia e nā kaʻina hana electrobiochemical i nā huahana e like me ka insulin a i ʻole biodiesel.
Kuhikuhi: Maren Nattermann, Sebastian Wenk, Pascal Pfister, Hai He, Seung Hwang Lee, Witold Szymanski, Nils Guntermann, Faiying Zhu "Hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi cascade hou no ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka phosphate-dependent formate i formaldehyde in vitro a in vivo", Lennart Nickel. , Charlotte Wallner, Jan Zarzycki, Nicole Pachia, Nina Gaisert, Giancarlo Francio, Walter Leitner, Ramon Gonzalez, a me Tobias J. Erb, Mei 9, 2023, Nature Communications.DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38072-w
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