Ua hāpai mai nā kānaka noiʻi mai ke Kulanui ʻenehana ʻo Chalmers i kahi ala hou a kūpono hoʻi e hana hou i nā metala mai nā pila kaʻa uila. Hoʻihoʻi kēia ʻano hana i ka 100% alumini a me 98% lithium mai nā pila EV i hoʻohana ʻia. Hoʻēmi kēia i ka nalowale o nā mea maka waiwai nui e like me ka nickel, cobalt a me ka manganese. ʻAʻole pono ke kaʻina hana i nā kemika pipiʻi a ʻino paha no ka mea ua hoʻohana nā kānaka noiʻi i ka waikawa oxalic, kahi waikawa i loaʻa i loko o ke aupuni mea kanu.
A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe mea i loaʻa nā kūlana kūpono no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kēia nui o ka lithium me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka waikawa oxalic a me ka wehe ʻana i ka alumini āpau. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Leah Rouquette, he haumāna PhD ma ke Keʻena Kemika a me ke ʻenekinia Kemika ma ke Kulanui ʻenehana ʻo Chalmers, ʻoiai aia nā pila āpau i ka alumini, pono mākou e hiki ke wehe iā ia me ka ʻole o ka nalowale ʻana o nā metala ʻē aʻe.
Ma ke Keʻena Hoʻopōʻaiapuni Pākahiko ma ke Kulanui ʻenehana ʻo Chalmers, ua hōʻike ʻo Leah Rouquette a me ke alakaʻi noiʻi ʻo Martina Petranikova i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ke ʻano hana hou. Aia i loko o ka hale hana nā pila kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia, a i loko o kahi uhi uahi he mea i kuʻi ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka pauka ʻeleʻele i wili maikaʻi ʻia i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi wai maopopo - ka waikawa oxalic. Hoʻohana ʻo Leah Rouquette i ka mea e like me ka mea hoʻohuihui kīhini e kāwili i nā wai a me nā pauka. ʻOiai ke nānā aku nei he maʻalahi me he mea lā e hana ana ʻo ia i ke kofe, he ʻano kū hoʻokahi ke ʻano hana kūikawā a he holomua ʻepekema i paʻi ʻia nei. Ma ka hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻana i ka mahana, ka noʻonoʻo a me ka manawa, ua hoʻomohala nā mea noiʻi i kahi meaʻai hou e hoʻohana ana i ka waikawa oxalic, kahi mea pili i ke kaiapuni i loaʻa i nā mea kanu e like me ka rhubarb a me ka spinach.
Pono nā koho ʻē aʻe i nā kemika inorganic o kēia wā. Eia kekahi, ʻo kekahi o nā pilikia nui i nā kaʻina hana hou, ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana i nā mea i koe e like me ka alumini. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Martina Petranikova, Polopeka Hoa ma ke Keʻena Kemika a me ke ʻenekinia Kemika ma ke Kulanui ʻo Chalmers o Technology, he ala hou ia e hiki ai ke hāʻawi i nā koho hou i ka ʻoihana hana hou a kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia e kāohi ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
ʻO nā ʻano hana hana wai i kapa ʻia ʻo hydrometallurgy. I ka hydrometallurgy kuʻuna, wehe mua ʻia nā "haumia" mai nā mea e like me ka alumini a me ke keleawe, a laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā metala waiwai e like me ka lithium, cobalt, nickel a me ka manganese. ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi wale nō o ka alumini a me ke keleawe i koe, pono kekahi mau pae o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, a ʻo kēlā me kēia pae o ke kaʻina hana e hopena i kahi leaka. Ma ke ʻano hou, ua hoʻololi nā mea noiʻi i ka ʻoki a hoʻokaʻawale mua i ka lithium mai ka alumini. Ma kēia ʻano, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻonele ʻana o nā metala makamae e pono ai e hana i nā pila hou.
ʻOiai ka hapa lua o ke kaʻina hana—ke kānana ʻana i ka hui ʻeleʻele—ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻia me ke kope ʻana i ke kofe. ʻOiai ke komo ʻana o ka alumini a me ka lithium i loko o ka wai, e noho ana nā metala ʻē aʻe i loko o ka "sump." ʻO ka hana aʻe i kēia kaʻina hana, ʻo ia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka alumini a me ka lithium.
"No ka mea, he ʻokoʻa loa nā ʻano o kēia mau metala, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou ʻaʻole e paʻakikī ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā lākou. Ke wehe nei kā mākou ʻano hana hou i kahi ala hou e hoʻohiki ai no ka hana hou ʻana o ka pila a loaʻa iā mākou nā mea hoʻoikaika a pau e ʻimi hou aku," wahi a Leah Rouquette. "ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hana ma kahi pae nui, ke manaʻolana nei mākou e pono ia i ka ʻoihana i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana," wahi a Martina Petranikova.
Ua hana ka hui noiʻi a Martina Petranikova i nā noiʻi koʻikoʻi i ka hana hou ʻana o ka metala i loko o nā pila lithium-ion no nā makahiki he nui. Hana pū ka hui me nā ʻoihana e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana o nā pila kaʻa uila a he hoa hana i nā papahana R&D nui e like me Volvo Cars a me ka papahana Nybat a Northvolt.
ʻIke hou aku e pili ana i ka noiʻi: Ua paʻi ʻia ka ʻatikala ʻepekema "Fully selective recovery of lithium from lithium-ion electric vehicle batteries: modeling and optimization using oxalic acid as a lixiviant" ma ka puke pai Separation and Purification Technology. Ua mālama ʻia ke aʻo ʻana e Leah Rouquette, Martina Petranikova lāua ʻo Natalia Vieceli mai ke Keʻena o Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ma ke Kulanui ʻo Chalmers. Ua kākoʻo ʻia ka noiʻi e ka Swedish Energy Agency, ka Swedish Battery Base a me Vinnova, a ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pila kaʻa uila Volvo Cars i hoʻohana ʻia i hana ʻia e Stena Recycling lāua ʻo Akkuser Oy.
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