E kākau inoa no kā mākou nūhou leka uila manuahi, ʻo Watchdog, he nānā hebedoma i nā mea kākau moʻolelo kūpaʻa o ka lehulehu.
Ma hope o kahi noiʻi a ke Kikowaena no ka Pono o ka Lehulehu i nā make ʻana o ka methylene chloride i hala he mau makahiki, ua pāpā ka US Environmental Protection Agency i ke kūʻai ʻana aku i nā mea ʻoki pena i loaʻa ka mea hoʻohui i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka makahiki 2019, a ke hoʻomau nei nā ʻohana o nā mea i hōʻeha ʻia a me nā mea kākoʻo palekana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kahi hoʻolaha kaomi lehulehu. Ke hana nei ka Environmental Protection Agency.
E kākau inoa no kā mākou nūpepa Watchdog hebedoma manuahi e kiʻi i nā nūhou kūlike ʻole hou loa mai nā hui kaiāulu.
Ke koi nei ka hui aupuni i nā mea hou aku: ʻōlelo lākou, ʻaʻole pale ʻia nā limahana e nā kapu haiki. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā make mai ka ʻike ʻana i ka methylene chloride e hana ʻia ma ka hana. ʻAʻole nā ​​​​mea wehe pena wale nō nā huahana kahi e loaʻa ai iā ʻoe.
I kēia manawa, ke hāpai nei ka Environmental Protection Agency i ka manaʻo e pāpā i ka hapa nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka methylene chloride—ke mau nei kekahi mau ʻokoʻa, akā ua emi loa.
"Ua pūʻiwa iki wau, ʻike ʻoe?" Ua make ke kaikunāne 31 makahiki o Brian Wynn, ʻo Drew, i ka makahiki 2017 i ka wā e wehe ana i ka pena mai ka pahu hau hele wāwae o ka hui. Ua manaʻo mua ʻo Wynn ʻo ka hana a ka EPA i ka makahiki 2019 e kūʻē i nā mea ʻoki pena "ʻo ia ka mea mamao loa hiki iā mākou ke hele—ua hālāwai mākou me kahi pā pōhaku o nā lobbyists i kālā ʻia a me ka ʻAhaʻōlelo i uku ʻia e hoʻōki i nā poʻe e like me kēia." a ua hōʻoia i kā lākou loaʻa kālā i hele mua a me ka palekana." "
E pāpā ke kānāwai i manaʻo ʻia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka methylene chloride i nā huahana mea kūʻai aku a me ka "hapa nui o nā noi ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihana," wahi a ke keʻena i loko o kahi ʻōlelo i ka pule i hala.
Ua ʻōlelo ka Environmental Protection Agency ke lana nei kona manaʻo e hoʻomaka ka lula i ʻAukake 2024. Pono nā lula pekelala e hele ma o kahi kaʻina hana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e hāʻawi ana i ka lehulehu i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻohuli i ka hopena hope loa.
Loaʻa kēia kemika, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo methylene chloride, ma nā papa kūʻai kūʻai ma nā huahana e like me nā aerosol degreasers a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe palaki i hoʻohana ʻia i nā pena a me nā uhi. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā mea hoʻopili kalepa a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa. Hoʻohana nā mea hana iā ia e hana i nā kemika ʻē aʻe.
Ua ʻōlelo ke keʻena ma ka liʻiliʻi he 85 mau kānaka i make ma muli o ka ʻike koke ʻana i ka methylene chloride mai ka makahiki 1980, me nā limahana i loaʻa i ke aʻo palekana a me nā lako pale.
Ua loaʻa kēlā helu mai kahi noiʻi 2021 na OSHA a me ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, Kapalakiko, nāna i helu i ka nui o ka make i kēia manawa ma muli o nā helu Public Integrity mua. ʻAneʻane maopopo he helu haʻahaʻa kēia no ka mea ʻo kekahi o nā ala e pepehi ai ka methylene chloride i nā kānaka ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā maʻi cardiovascular, kahi i ka mea nānā e like me ka make mai nā kumu kūlohelohe ke ʻole kekahi e makemake e hana i nā haʻawina toxicology.
Hana ʻo Nate Bradford Jr. e mālama i nā ola mahiʻai ʻeleʻele. Hōʻike kēia kau o Heist i kāna hakakā no ke ola ʻana e kūʻē i ka mōʻaukala o ke aupuni no ka hoʻokae ʻana i nā mahiʻai ʻeleʻele. E kākau inoa e loaʻa ka ʻike ma hope o nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā leka hoʻomaopopo ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻāpana hou.
Wahi a ka Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ua hoʻoulu pū ka kemika i nā "hopena olakino koʻikoʻi a lōʻihi" e like me ke kanesa i ka poʻe i hōʻike ʻia i ka kemika, akā ʻaʻole i nā pae make.
"Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia nā pōʻino o ka methylene chloride," i kākau ai ke keʻena ma ke kānāwai i manaʻo ʻia.
Ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi o ka Public Integrity i ka makahiki 2015 ua hala pinepine ʻia nā manawa kūpono no ke komo ʻana e hoʻopakele ola mai ka makahiki 1970. Eia nō naʻe, ua nui aʻe nā make ma hope o ka hāpai mua ʻana o ka Environmental Protection Agency i ke kānāwai i Ianuali 2017, ma ka hopena o ka hoʻokele ʻana o Obama, a ua hoʻopaneʻe ka hoʻokele ʻana o Trump i ka manaʻo a hiki i ka wā i koi ʻia ai e hana.
ʻO Liz Hitchcock, ka luna hoʻokele o Safer Chemicals for Healthier Families, kahi hana kulekele pekelala no ka wā e hiki mai ana me ka ʻawahia ʻole, ʻo ia kekahi o ka poʻe i hana no nā makahiki he nui e hoʻopau i ka luku ʻia ʻana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka methylene chloride. Ua hoʻokipa ʻo ia i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka pāpā i manaʻo ʻia he "lā koʻikoʻi".
"Eia hou, ke make nei ka poʻe ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau kemika," wahi āna. "Ke hoʻohana ka poʻe i kēia mau kemika, maʻi ka poʻe kokoke a loaʻa i ka poʻe nā maʻi mau ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau kemika. Makemake mākou e hōʻoia e pale mākou i ka nui o ka poʻe e like me ka hiki."
Akā, ua hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka lohe ʻana ua manaʻoʻiʻo ka Environmental Protection Agency ʻaʻole e hoʻopau ʻia ke kānāwai no 15 mau mahina ʻē aʻe.
Ua hopohopo ʻo Lauren Atkins, nona ke keiki kāne 31 makahiki ʻo Joshua i make i ka makahiki 2018 ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe pena e pena ai i kāna paikikala BMX, ʻaʻole e pāpā ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana. Ua kaumaha loa ʻo ia i ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau lua i loko o ka hoʻolaha.
"Ua aneane lele au i waho o koʻu mau kāmaʻa a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka puke holoʻokoʻa, a laila ua kaumaha loa wau," wahi a Atkins. Ma hope o ka make ʻana o kāna keiki kāne, ʻo kāna pahuhopu ka wehe ʻana i ka methylene chloride mai ka mākeke i ʻole e pepehi i kekahi. "Ua nalowale kaʻu keiki kāne, akā ua nalowale kaʻu keiki kāne i nā mea āpau."
Ua ʻōlelo ka Environmental Protection Agency ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka kemika i ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e ke Toxic Substances Control Act, no laila ʻaʻole i pāpā ʻia e nā lula i manaʻo ʻia. Ua ʻōlelo ka ʻoihana e pale ʻia nā limahana e hoʻomau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka methylene chloride i nā hana ʻē aʻe i ʻae ʻia ma lalo o ka manaʻo e ka "Occupational Chemical Control Program with Strict Exposure Limits" hou. Hiki i ka Methylene chloride ke make i ka wā e hōʻiliʻili ai nā mahu i nā wahi paʻa.
E mau ana kekahi mau hoʻohana nui i loko o kēia mau hoʻokuʻu ʻana, me ka hana "koʻikoʻi" a i ʻole ka hana "palekana koʻikoʻi" e ka pūʻali koa, NASA, ka Federal Aviation Administration, a me kā lākou mau mea hana; hoʻohana i loko o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua; ʻO ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā hui e hoʻohana ana ia mea ma ke ʻano he reagent a hana paha no nā kumu i ʻae ʻia, wahi a ka Environmental Protection Agency.
Me ka ʻokoʻa o nā keʻena pekelala, ʻaʻole i loaʻa hou ka methylene chloride i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe pena. ʻO kēia huahana kahi kumu maʻamau o ka make ma waena o nā limahana e hoʻoponopono hou ana i nā ʻauʻau kahiko i nā hale a me nā hale noho.
A ʻaʻole e ʻae hou ʻia ka methylene chloride e hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻohemo ʻana i ka mahu no nā ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihana, ka wehe ʻana i nā mea hoʻopili, ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā lole, nā lubricants wai, nā glues hobby a me kahi papa inoa lōʻihi o nā hoʻohana ʻē aʻe.
"I kēia manawa, ma kahi o 845,000 poʻe e pili ana i ka methylene chloride ma kahi hana," wahi a ka Environmental Protection Agency ma kahi ʻōlelo. "Ma lalo o ka manaʻo o ka EPA, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 10,000 mau limahana e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka methylene chloride a e hana i nā papahana palekana kemika i koi ʻia ma kahi hana mai nā pilikia kūpono ʻole."
ʻO Kauka Robert Harrison, he polopeka lapaʻau o ka lāʻau lapaʻau hana a me ke kaiapuni ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi, Kapalakiko, ua hana ʻo ia ma ka methylene chloride no kahi o ʻumi makahiki. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ke hahai nei ka Environmental Protection Agency i ka manaʻo e hoʻāʻo e kaulike i ka palekana me nā hopohopo hoʻokele waiwai a me ka palekana aupuni, a ua ʻike ʻo ia he mea hoʻoikaika ka laulā o ka pāpā.
"Manaʻo wau he lanakila kēia. He lanakila kēia no nā limahana," wahi a Harrison, nāna i komo i kahi noiʻi 2021 e pili ana i nā make e pili ana i nā kemika. "Hoʻonohonoho kēia i kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻoholo ʻana a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā loina e pili ana i ka ʻepekema maopopo ... Pono mākou e hoʻopau i kēia mau kemika ʻawaʻawa no nā koho ʻē aʻe palekana e hana ʻino nui aku ma mua o ka maikaʻi."
Manaʻo paha ʻoe ʻaʻole pono e kūʻai ʻia aku nā kemika ma ka mākeke ke ʻole lākou e ʻike ʻia he palekana. Akā, ʻaʻole pēlā ka hana a ka ʻōnaehana ʻAmelika.
Ua hoʻoikaika ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka palekana o nā kemika i ka ʻAhaʻōlelo e hoʻoholo i ke Kānāwai Mana ʻAihue i ka makahiki 1976, nāna i kau i kekahi mau koi ma luna o nā kemika. Akā, ua ʻike nui ʻia nā ana he nāwaliwali, e waiho ana i ka Environmental Protection Agency me ka ʻole o ka mana e hana i nā loiloi palekana ākea. ʻO ka Federal Inventory, i paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1982, ua papa inoa ma kahi o 62,000 mau kemika, a ke hoʻomau nei kēlā helu i ka ulu ʻana.
I ka makahiki 2016, ua hoʻololi ke Kongresa i ka TSCA e ʻae i ka Environmental Protection Agency e hana i nā loiloi pilikia kemika. ʻO Methylene chloride ka pilikia mua a ke keʻena i hoʻoponopono ai.
"ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻāʻo nei mākou e hoʻoponopono iā TSCA," wahi a Hitchcock, nāna i kaʻana like me nā keʻena o ka ʻahaʻōlelo i nā noiʻi pono o ka lehulehu i loko o ia wā ma ke ʻano he mau hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ka hana ʻole make.
ʻO ka hana aʻe i ka pāpā ʻana i ka methylene chloride i manaʻo ʻia he 60 lā o ka manawa manaʻo lehulehu. E hiki i ka poʻe ke haʻi i ko lākou manaʻo ma ka papahana o ka EPA, a ke kākoʻo nei nā mea kākoʻo palekana a puni ka pilikia.
"He ʻanuʻu nui kēia i mua no ke olakino lehulehu, akā ʻaʻole ia me ka ʻole o kona mau hemahema," wahi a Hitchcock. Makemake ʻo ia e ʻike i nā manaʻo "e kāhea ana i ka Environmental Protection Agency e hoʻokō i nā lula ikaika loa."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Harrison i kekahi manawa ua holomua mālie loa ke kānāwai kemika ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a hiki i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai nā hau e uhi iā ia. Akā, ʻike ʻo ia i ka holomua mai nā hoʻololi TSCA 2016. Hāʻawi ke kānāwai hou ma ka methylene chloride iā ia i ka manaʻolana.
"Nui nā kemika ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hahai i ka hoʻoholo a US no ka methylene chloride," wahi āna.
ʻAʻohe pā uku o Public Integrity a ʻaʻole ʻae i ka hoʻolaha no laila hiki i kā mākou nūpepa noiʻi ke loaʻa ka hopena ākea loa i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka like ʻole ma ʻAmelika. Hiki kā mākou hana mahalo i ke kākoʻo o ka poʻe e like me ʻoe.
He mea hoʻoponopono a he mea kākau moʻolelo koʻikoʻi ʻo Jamie Smith Hopkins no ke Kikowaena no ka Pono o ka Lehulehu. Aia i loko o kāna hana nā hana ʻē aʻe a Jamie Smith Hopkins.
He hui nūpepa noiʻi waiwai ʻole ke Kikowaena no ka Pono o ka Lehulehu e kālele ana i ka like ʻole ma ʻAmelika. ʻAʻole mākou e ʻae i ka hoʻolaha a i ʻole e uku i nā kānaka e heluhelu i kā mākou hana.
       ʻO kēia ʻatikalaua ʻike mua ʻia maKe Kikowaena no ka Pono o ka Lehulehua ua paʻi hou ʻia ma lalo o ka laikini Creative Commons.