He maʻi ʻaleʻale ʻo Rayna Singhvi Jain i nā pi. Ua pale ʻia ʻo ia e ka ʻeha nui ma kona wāwae mai ka hana ʻana no kekahi mau pule.
Akā, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻōki i ka mea kālepa pili kanaka 20 makahiki i kāna misionari e hoʻopakele i kēia mau mea hoʻopulapula koʻikoʻi, nona ka heluna kanaka i emi iho no nā makahiki he ʻumi.
Ma kahi o 75 pakeneka o nā mea kanu o ka honua e hilinaʻi nei, ma ka liʻiliʻi ma kahi hapa, i nā mea hoʻopulapula e like me nā pi. Hiki i ko lākou hiolo ʻana ke loaʻa ka hopena nui i ko mākou kaiaola holoʻokoʻa. "Aia mākou ma ʻaneʻi i kēia lā ma muli o nā pi," wahi a Jane. "ʻO lākou ke kumu o kā mākou ʻōnaehana mahiʻai, kā mākou mau mea kanu. Mahalo iā lākou, loaʻa iā mākou ka meaʻai."
ʻO Jane, ke kaikamahine a nā malihini India i noho ma Connecticut, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ua aʻo kona mau mākua iā ia e mahalo i ke ola, ʻaʻohe mea liʻiliʻi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia inā he ʻanuʻu i loko o ka hale, e haʻi lākou iā ia e lawe i waho i hiki iā ia ke ola.
No laila, i ka wā i kipa aku ai ʻo Jane i ka apiary i ka makahiki 2018 a ʻike i kahi puʻu o nā pi make, ua loaʻa iā ia ka makemake kūlohelohe e ʻike i ka mea e hana nei. Ua hoʻopūʻiwa ka mea āna i ʻike ai iā ia.
"ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka pi ka hopena o nā kumu ʻekolu: nā parasites, nā pesticides a me ka ʻai pono ʻole," wahi a Samuel Ramsey, polopeka o ka entomology ma ka Institute of Biological Frontiers ma ke Kulanui o Colorado Boulder.
ʻO nā P ʻekolu, ʻo ka mea nui loa ka mea hoʻopili ʻo ia nā parasites, wahi a Ramsey, ʻoiai kekahi ʻano mite i kapa ʻia ʻo Varroa. Ua ʻike mua ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 1987 a hiki ke loaʻa i kēia manawa ma aneane kēlā me kēia pūnana a puni ka ʻāina.
Ua ʻike ʻo Ramsey ma kāna noiʻi ʻana e ʻai ana nā mites i nā ake o nā pi, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i mea palupalu i nā mites ʻē aʻe, e hoʻopilikia ana i ko lākou ʻōnaehana pale a me ka hiki ke mālama i nā meaʻai. Hiki i kēia mau parasites ke hoʻolaha i nā virus make, hoʻopilikia i ka lele ʻana, a ma hope e make ai nā kolone holoʻokoʻa.
Ma muli o ka hoʻoikaika ʻia e kāna kumu ʻepekema kula kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Jain e ʻimi i nā hopena e hoʻopau ai i ka infestation varroa mite i kona makahiki ʻekolu. Ma hope o ka nui o ka hoʻāʻo a me ka hewa, ua hana ʻo ia iā HiveGuard, kahi notch i paʻi ʻia 3D i uhi ʻia me kahi insecticide botanical ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia i kapa ʻia ʻo thymol.
"Ke hele ka pi ma ke komo ʻana, e hamo ʻia ka thymol i loko o ke kino o ka pi a ʻo ka hoʻohui hope loa e pepehi i ka ʻuku varroa akā waiho i ka pi me ka ʻeha ʻole," wahi a Jane.
Ma kahi o 2,000 mau mea mālama pi e hoʻāʻo nei i ka hāmeʻa mai Malaki 2021, a ke hoʻolālā nei ʻo Jane e hoʻokuʻu kūhelu iā ia ma hope o kēia makahiki. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili āna i hōʻiliʻili ai a hiki i kēia manawa i ka emi ʻana o 70% i ka infestation varroa mite ʻekolu pule ma hope o ke kau ʻana me ka ʻole o nā hopena ʻaoʻao i hōʻike ʻia.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Thymol a me nā acaricides kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe e like me ka oxalic acid, formic acid, a me nā hops i loko o ka pūnana i loko o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ​​​​pā i ka wā e hana mau nei. Aia kekahi mau excipients synthetic, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi akā ʻoi aku ka hōʻino ʻana i ke kaiapuni, wahi a Ramsey. Mahalo ʻo ia iā Jane no kona akamai i ka hana ʻana i kahi mea hana e hoʻonui ai i ka hopena ma nā mites me ka pale ʻana i nā pi a me ke kaiapuni mai nā hopena ʻaoʻao.
ʻO nā pi meli kekahi o nā mea hoʻopulapula kūpono loa ma ka honua. Pono kā lākou mea hoʻokomo no nā ʻano huaʻai, nā mea kanu a me nā nati he 130 a ʻoi, me nā ʻalemona, nā cranberry, nā zucchini a me nā avocado. No laila, i ka manawa aʻe e nahu ai ʻoe i kahi ʻāpala a inu paha i kahi inu kofe, mahalo ia i nā pi, wahi a Jane.
Ua pilikia ka hapakolu o ka meaʻai a mākou e ʻai ai i ka wā e hoʻoweliweli ai ka pilikia o ke aniau i ke ola o nā pulelehua a me nā pi
Ua manaʻo ka USDA ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa wale nō, hoʻopuka nā pi i nā mea kanu he $15 biliona i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻopuka ʻia ka nui o kēia mau mea kanu e nā lawelawe pi i mālama ʻia e hāʻawi ʻia ana ma ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa. I ka lilo ʻana o ke kumukūʻai nui e pale aku i nā heluna pi, lilo pū kēia mau lawelawe i mea pipiʻi, wahi a Ramsey, me ka hopena pololei ʻole i nā kumukūʻai o nā mea kūʻai.
Akā, ke ao aku nei ka ʻAhahui Meaʻai a me ka Mahiʻai o nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa inā e hoʻomau ka emi ʻana o ka heluna pi, ʻo ka hopena weliweli loa he hoʻoweliweli nui ia i ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana o ka meaʻai.
ʻO HiveGuard kekahi o nā ala a Jane e hoʻohana ai i nā manaʻo ʻoihana e kākoʻo i nā pi. I ka makahiki 2020, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka hui hoʻohui olakino ʻo Queen Bee, kahi e kūʻai aku ai i nā mea inu olakino e loaʻa ana nā huahana pi e like me ka meli a me ka jelly aliʻi. Ua kanu ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻōmole i kūʻai ʻia me kahi lāʻau pollinator ma o Trees for the Future, kahi hui waiwai ʻole e hana pū ana me nā ʻohana mahiʻai ma ʻApelika sub-Saharan.
"ʻO koʻu manaʻolana nui no ke kaiapuni, ʻo ia ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke kaulike a noho kūlike me ke kūlohelohe," wahi a Jane.
Manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia he hiki, akā pono ia i ka noʻonoʻo hui. "Hiki i nā kānaka ke aʻo nui mai nā pi meli ma ke ʻano he mea i kūkulu ʻia no ka nohona," wahi āna.
"Pehea lākou e hana pū ai, pehea lākou e hiki ai ke hoʻoikaika a pehea lākou e hiki ai ke hana i nā mōhai no ka holomua o ke kolone."
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