ʻO nā genes e pili ana i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana pale he mau ʻano hoʻohālikelike atypical i loko o ka lolo o ka poʻe me kekahi mau maʻi neurological a me psychiatric, me ka autism, e like me kahi noiʻi hou o nā tausani o nā hāpana lolo post-mortem.
Ma waena o nā genes pale kino 1,275 i aʻo ʻia, ua nui a emi paha ka nui o 765 (60%) i loko o ka lolo o nā pākeke me kekahi o nā maʻi ʻeono: autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, Alzheimer's disease, a i ʻole Parkinson's disease. ʻOkoʻa kēia mau ʻano hōʻike mai kēlā hihia a kēia hihia, e hōʻike ana he "mau inoa" kūikawā ko kēlā me kēia, wahi a ke alakaʻi noiʻi ʻo Chunyu Liu, polopeka o ka psychiatry a me nā ʻepekema behavioral ma ke Kulanui Lapaʻau ʻo Northern State ma Syracuse, New York.
Wahi a Liu, hiki i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā genes immune ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ka mumū. ʻO kēia hoʻoulu ʻana o ka pale ʻana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i loko o ka ʻōpū, e pili ana me ka autism, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maopopo ke ʻano o kona hana ʻana.
"ʻO koʻu manaʻo, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka ʻōnaehana pale i nā maʻi lolo," wahi a Liu. "He mea pāʻani nui ʻo ia."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Christopher Coe, ke polopeka emeritus o ka psychology biological ma ke Kulanui o Wisconsin-Madison, ka mea i komo ʻole i ka noiʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaopopo mai ka noiʻi inā he kuleana ko ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi i ke kumu o kekahi maʻi a i ʻole ka maʻi ponoʻī. ua alakaʻi kēia i nā loli i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka pale ʻana. Job.
Ua kālailai ʻo Liu a me kāna hui i nā pae hōʻike o 1,275 mau genes pale ma 2,467 mau laʻana lolo postmortem, me 103 mau kānaka me ka autism a me 1,178 mau kaohi. Ua loaʻa nā ʻikepili mai ʻelua mau waihona ʻikepili transcriptome, ʻo ArrayExpress lāua ʻo Gene Expression Omnibus, a me nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe i paʻi mua ʻia.
ʻOkoʻa ka pae awelika o ka hōʻike ʻana o 275 mau genes i loko o ka lolo o nā maʻi autistic mai ka mea i loko o ka hui kaohi; Loaʻa i ka lolo o nā maʻi Alzheimer he 638 mau genes i hōʻike ʻokoʻa ʻia, ukali ʻia e schizophrenia (220), Parkinson's (97), bipolar (58), a me ke kaumaha (27).
ʻOi aku ka loli o nā pae hōʻike i nā kāne autistic ma mua o nā wahine autistic, a ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa o ka lolo o nā wahine kaumaha ma mua o nā kāne kaumaha. ʻAʻole i hōʻike nā kūlana ʻehā i koe i nā ʻokoʻa kāne.
ʻOi aku ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o nā ʻano hōʻike e pili ana i ka autism i nā maʻi neurological e like me Alzheimer's a me Parkinson's ma mua o nā maʻi psychiatric ʻē aʻe. Ma ka wehewehe ʻana, pono i nā maʻi neurological nā hiʻohiʻona kino i ʻike ʻia o ka lolo, e like me ka nalowale ʻana o nā neurons dopaminergic i ka maʻi Parkinson. ʻAʻole i wehewehe nā mea noiʻi i kēia hiʻohiʻona o ka autism.
"Hāʻawi wale kēia [ʻano like] i kahi kuhikuhi hou aʻe e pono ai mākou e ʻimi," wahi a Liu. "Malia paha i kekahi lā e maopopo maikaʻi ai mākou i ka pathology."
ʻElua mau genes, ʻo CRH lāua ʻo TAC1, i hoʻololi pinepine ʻia i loko o kēia mau maʻi: ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ʻo CRH i nā maʻi āpau koe wale nō ka maʻi o Parkinson, a ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ʻo TAC1 i nā maʻi āpau koe wale nō ke kaumaha. Hoʻopilikia nā genes ʻelua i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o microglia, nā pūnaewele pale o ka lolo.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Coe e hiki i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka microglia atypical ke "hoʻopilikia i ka neurogenesis maʻamau a me ka synaptogenesis," e hoʻopilikia like ana i ka hana neuronal ma lalo o nā ʻano like ʻole.
Ua ʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi o ka makahiki 2018 o nā ʻiʻo lolo ma hope o ka make ʻana ua hōʻike like ʻia nā genes e pili ana i nā astrocytes a me ka hana synaptic i nā poʻe me ka autism, schizophrenia, a i ʻole ka maʻi bipolar. Akā ua ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ua hoʻonui wale ʻia nā genes microglial i nā poʻe maʻi me ka autism.
ʻO ka poʻe me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka gene immune ʻoi aku ka loaʻa ʻana o ka "maʻi neuroinflammatory," wahi a Michael Benros, ke alakaʻi noiʻi a me ke polopeka o ka psychiatry biological a me ka pololei ma ke Kulanui o Copenhagen ma Denmark, ʻaʻole i komo i ka hana.
"He mea hoihoi paha ke ho'āʻo e ʻike i kēia mau hui liʻiliʻi kūpono a hāʻawi iā lākou i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kikoʻī," wahi a Benroth.
Ua ʻike ʻia ma ke aʻo ʻana ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā loli i ʻike ʻia i nā laʻana ʻiʻo o ka lolo i loko o nā ʻikepili o nā ʻano hoʻohālike o ka gene i nā laʻana koko mai nā poʻe me ka maʻi like. Hōʻike ka ʻike "i manaʻo ʻole ʻia" i ke koʻikoʻi o ke aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka lolo, wahi a Cynthia Schumann, polopeka o ka psychiatry a me nā ʻepekema behavioral ma ka MIND Institute ma UC Davis, ka mea i komo ʻole i ke aʻo ʻana.
Ke kūkulu nei ʻo Liu a me kāna hui i nā hiʻohiʻona cellular e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi inā he kumu nui ka mumū i ka maʻi lolo.
Ua paʻi mua ʻia kēia ʻatikala ma Spectrum, ka pūnaewele nūhou noiʻi autism alakaʻi. E ʻōlelo i kēia ʻatikala: https://doi.org/10.53053/UWCJ7407