ʻO ka papa waho pipili o nā fungi a me nā bacteria, i kapa ʻia ʻo "extracellular matrix" a i ʻole ECM, he ʻano like me ka jelly a hana ma ke ʻano he papa pale a me ka pūpū. Akā, e like me kahi noiʻi hou i loko o ka puke pai ʻo iScience, i mālama ʻia e ke Kulanui o Massachusetts Amherst ma ka laulima ʻana me Worcester Polytechnic Institute, ʻo ka ECM o kekahi mau microorganisms e hana i kahi gel wale nō i ke alo o ka waikawa oxalic a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​waikawa maʻalahi ʻē aʻe. No ka mea, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka ECM i nā mea āpau mai ke kū'ē ʻana i ka antibiotic a hiki i nā paipu i paʻa ʻia a me ka haumia o nā mea lapaʻau, ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana pehea e hoʻoponopono ai nā microorganisms i kā lākou mau papa gel pipili he hopena ākea no ko mākou ola o kēlā me kēia lā.

"Ua hoihoi mau wau i nā microbial ECMs," wahi a Barry Goodell, polopeka o ka microbiology ma ke Kulanui o Massachusetts Amherst a me ka mea kākau kiʻekiʻe o ka pepa. "Manaʻo pinepine ka poʻe i ka ECM ma ke ʻano he papa pale waho inert e pale ana i nā microorganisms. Akā hiki iā ia ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano he ala no nā meaʻai a me nā enzymes i loko a i waho o nā cell microbial."
He nui nā hana a ka uhi ʻana: ʻo kona ʻano pipili, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki i nā microorganism pākahi ke hui pū e hana i nā kolone a i ʻole "biofilms", a inā lawa nā microorganism e hana i kēia, hiki iā ia ke pani i nā paipu a hoʻohaumia paha i nā lako lapaʻau.
Akā, pono e komo ka pūpū i loko: hoʻopuka ka nui o nā microorganism i nā enzymes like ʻole a me nā metabolites ʻē aʻe ma o ka ECM, i loko o nā mea a lākou e makemake ai e ʻai a hoʻopili paha (e like me ka lāʻau pala a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​ʻiʻo vertebrate), a laila, ke pau ka hana a nā enzymes, ʻo ka hana o ka ʻeli ʻana - hoʻihoʻi i nā meaʻai ma o ka ECM.
ʻO ke ʻano o kēia, ʻaʻole wale ka ECM he papa pale inert; ʻOiaʻiʻo, e like me ka hōʻike a Goodell a me nā hoa hana, me he mea lā he hiki i nā microorganism ke kāohi i ka viscosity o kā lākou ECM a no laila kona permeability. Pehea lākou e hana ai?
I loko o nā fungi, ʻike ʻia ka mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia he waikawa oxalic, kahi waikawa organik maʻamau e kū maoli ana i nā mea kanu he nui, a, e like me ka ʻike ʻana o Goodell a me kāna mau hoa hana, ʻike ʻia he nui nā microorganism e hoʻohana i ka waikawa oxalic a lākou e hoʻokuʻu ai e hoʻopaʻa i nā papa o waho o nā carbohydrates. e hana ana i kahi mea pipili. , ECM e like me ka jelly.
Akā i ka nānā pono ʻana o ka hui, ua ʻike lākou ʻaʻole i kōkua wale ka waikawa oxalic i ka hana ʻana i ka ECM, akā ua "hoʻoponopono" pū kekahi iā ia: ʻo ka nui o ka waikawa oxalic i hoʻohui ʻia e nā microbes i ka hui ʻana o ka carbohydrate-acid, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka ECM. ʻO ka nui o ka mānoanoa o ka ECM, ʻoi aku ka ālai ʻana i nā molekala nui mai ke komo ʻana a i ʻole ka haʻalele ʻana i ka microbe, ʻoiai nā molekala liʻiliʻi e noho manuahi ana e komo i ka microbe mai ke kaiapuni a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻokūkū kēia ʻike i ka ʻike ʻepekema kuʻuna i ke ʻano o ka hele ʻana o nā ʻano hui like ʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā fungi a me nā bacteria mai kēia mau microorganism i ke kaiapuni. Ua hōʻike ʻo Goodell a me nā hoa hana i kekahi mau hihia, pono paha nā microorganism e hilinaʻi hou aku i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā molekala liʻiliʻi loa e hoʻouka i ka matrix a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo e hilinaʻi ai ka microorganism e ola a i ʻole e maʻi. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, hiki i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā molekala liʻiliʻi ke pāʻani i kahi kuleana nui i ka pathogenesis inā ʻaʻole hiki i nā enzymes nui ke hele ma o ka microbial extracellular matrix.
"Me he mea lā he kahua waena," wahi a Goodell, "kahi e hiki ai i nā microorganism ke hoʻomalu i nā pae acidity e hoʻololi i kahi ʻano kikoʻī, e mālama ana i kekahi o nā molekala nui, e like me nā enzymes, ʻoiai e ʻae ana i nā molekala liʻiliʻi e hele maʻalahi ma o ka ECM. "ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ECM me ka waikawa oxalic he ala paha ia no nā microorganism e pale aku iā lākou iho mai nā antimicrobials a me nā antibiotics, ʻoiai he nui o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa nā molekala nui loa. ʻO kēia hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia e hiki ke lilo i kī i ka lanakila ʻana i kekahi o nā pilikia nui i ka lāʻau antimicrobial, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana i ka ECM e ʻoi aku ka permeable hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o nā antibiotics a me nā antimicrobials."

"Inā hiki iā mākou ke kāohi i ka biosynthesis a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā waikawa liʻiliʻi e like me ka oxalate i loko o kekahi mau microbes, a laila hiki iā mākou ke kāohi i nā mea e komo ana i loko o nā microbes, kahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke mālama maikaʻi i nā maʻi microbial he nui," wahi a Goodell.
I Kekemapa 2022, ua loaʻa i ka mea loea microbiology ʻo Yasu Morita kahi haʻawina kālā mai ka National Institutes of Health e kākoʻo i ka noiʻi i manaʻo nui ʻia e hoʻomohala i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka maʻi puʻupuʻu.

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